Romanian National Day - (Romania) Dec 01, 2009

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This year Romanians celebrate the 91st anniversary of the Great Unification of December 1, 1918, which they choose as their National Day after 1989.

This year, as well, Romania's National Day will be marked in Bucharest through a military parade in the Triumph Arch Square, as well as through a military ceremony of laying flower wreaths at the Unknown Soldier Monument in Carol Park. Numerous events will mark all over the country Romania's National Day.

On December 1, 1918 in a Great Assembly gathering some 100,000 Romanians from Transylvania, Banat, Crisana and Maramures (today's regions in central, western and northern Romania respectively), called in the central town of Alba Iulia the 1,228 delegates of the Romanians from those territories that, until then, had been part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, unanimously adopted a Resolution decreeing 'The unification of the Romanians and of all the territories they live in with Romania'.

The achievement of the full national unity of the Romanians was possible amid the defeat suffered by Austro-Hungary in World War One and the collapse of that multinational empire. And the decision made by the Alba Iulia gathering on December 1, 1918 crowned the entire Romanian people's efforts and struggle for their unity. Romania's entrance the war after a neutrality period (1914-1916) and joining the Entente side was also a decision aimed at accomplishing the full national unity, Agerpres informs.

In October 1918, the Romanians living in the Austro-Hungarian Empire set up the Central National Romanian Council (CNRC), that took upon itself the ruling of the territories where Romanians lived and announced the international public its wish to unite those territories with the Romanian kingdom.

The CNRC also took the initiative of calling a great national assembly on December 1 in Alba Iulia and the outstanding scholar Vasile Goldis, who had been at the centre of the struggle for the Romanians' national emancipation, was entrusted the honorary mission of reading the historic Unification Resolution at Alba Iulia. 'The Romanian nation's right to be freedis recognized by the whole world. (...) The freedom of this nation means its Unification with Romania', Goldis said in his address, after reading the resolution.

A delegation of the Transylvanian Romanians then left for Bucharest, where they were welcomed by members of the Romanian government. The unification act was handed in to King Ferdinand I during a great reception in the Throne Hall.

Following the Paris Peace Conference the peace treaties were signed, with such treaties sanctioning the unification acts of the Romanian provinces with Romania.

King Ferdinand I and his wife Queen Maria were crowned sovereigns of Greater Romania in a ceremony in Alba Iulia, as well, on October 15, 1922.

L.L Zamenhof 150th Birthday : Who is he? What is Esperanto?

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Today is the 150th birthday of Lejzer Ludvig Zamenhof, or better known as L.L. Zamenhof. The language master is one of those who contribute in perfecting the language grammar globally. In his entire life, he study so many languages and dedicated his life to study and perfecting the languages.

Born on December 15, 1859 in Bialystok, Poland, L.L. Zamenhof spoke his father’s native language of Russian and his mother’s Yiddish. There were not many languages that Zamenhof did not learn.

He eventually learned Polish, German, French, Latin, Greek, Hebrew and English. Zamenhof also studied Italian, Spanish and Lithuanian.

What led Zamenhof to learn so many languages probably derived from what caused him to create the international language of Esperanto. As a child growing up, Zamenhof observed the feuding among the different ethnic groups that lived in Bialystok. See how multilingualism brings communities together.

The Poles, German and Belarusians that live in Bialystok were constantly quarreling. Zamenhof believed that a common language among the different groups would stop the misunderstandings.

As a student at a Warsaw secondary school, Zamenhof made his first attempt to create an international language. It was very complex and the grammar was rich.

After studying English, Zamenhof began to simplify the grammar in his new language. Zamenhof first project, “Lingwe uniwersala” was almost completed by 1878, but he was too young to publish it.

Zamenhof began to study medicine and graduated in 1885 after graduating from the secondary school. Zamenhof worked as a doctor while he continued to work on his new language.

Zamenhof obtained the money to publish his booklet on his new language from his future father-in-law. The booklet titled; Lingvo internacia Antauparolo kaj plena lernolibro (translates to International Language Foreward and Complete Textbook) was published in 1887. Zamenhof used the pen name, Doktoro Esperanto” or Doctor Hopeful.

The new international language was more than a communication tool for Zamenhof. His objective for it was to help promote peace among different cultures.

The L.L. in Dr. L.L. Zamenhof is referred to mean Ludovic Lazarus. He was actually given the Yiddish name Leyzer (translated from the Hebrew name of Eliezer)at birth.

Zamenhof used both Leyzer and the Russian equivalent Lazar as an adolescent. Then he began using the Russian name Lyudovik while studying medicine at the university.

Like L.L. Zamenhof, his brother Leon became a doctor and started signing his name Dr. L. Zamenhof. So Zamenhof began signing his name Dr. L.L. Zamenhof in 1901.

The interesting facts about his name does not stop with Zamenhof’s two Ls. His last name Zamenhof is the Esperantized spelling of his family name. His family name is of German decent and is actually Samenhof.

L.L. Zamenhof died on April 14, 1917. Before he died he created the international language Esperanto that is still in use by some today. Esperanto has never been adaptive as a country’s language, but some relief groups and even the military use it.

Today on his 150th birthday, Google has introduced many to Dr. L.L. Zamenhof and his language Esperanto. The Google doodle features the Esperanto flag as its L. Maybe one day the world can all speak in peace as he once dreamed.